In my 20 years at sea, I have reviewed hundreds of employment contracts — my own and those of colleagues who asked for advice. The maritime industry has improved significantly, but problematic contracts still exist. Here is how to spot them before you sign.

Why contract review matters

Your employment contract is the only legally binding document that defines your working conditions, pay, and rights. Verbal promises are worthless. Whatever is not in the contract does not exist. Period.

Take the contract home. Read every line. If anything is unclear, ask for clarification in writing. Any reputable company will give you time to review the contract. If they pressure you to sign immediately — that itself is a red flag.

The major red flags

1. Vague overtime terms

What to watch for: "Overtime as per company policy" or "overtime included in salary" without specifying the rate and conditions.

Why it matters: Overtime can be 30-40% of your total earnings. Without clear terms, the company can change the policy at any time.

What you want: Specific overtime rate (e.g., $X per hour), clear definition of what constitutes overtime, and how it is recorded and approved.